蒸汽锅炉除垢频次

『壹』 蒸汽洗车有什么优点和弊端

随着经济的不断发展，汽车行业快速的发展带动了洗车服务的不断进步，现在在洗车行业，传统的洗车方式逐渐被新型的洗车手段取代，下面我们要提的是一种比较新型的洗车方式--蒸汽洗车，接下来，让我们罗列一下蒸汽洗车的优缺点。

『贰』 麻烦把洗瓶机的设计资料发过来一下，相当感谢

我有洗瓶机图纸。

目标如下

:

洗瓶机

增加洗瓶机的生产产量及整条包
装线的生产效率

控制并降低在生产中水和碱液的
消耗量

控制并降低洗瓶机洗出的脏瓶量

1

洗瓶机

洗瓶机的用途是从玻璃瓶中去处：
1 、 所有的脏物及啤酒残留液

2.
3.

细菌、霉斑及酵母
标纸及标浆

最终在洗瓶机出口处排出的玻璃瓶
应该是凉的、
无菌的及明亮的玻璃瓶
装酒机灌装

, 且可适用于

2

BOTTLE WASHING

洗瓶机

To effectively wash bottles four main issues must be satisfied and controlled:
为有效地进行洗瓶，满足并控制下列四点问题：

1. Temperature. The temperature control of the NaOH solutions and warm water tanks

温度

2. Time.
时间

. 碱液和温水槽的温度控制

The speed of the washer and therefore the time the bottles are exposed to the cleaning process
. 洗瓶机的运转速度和玻璃瓶和各清洗工艺的接触时间

3. NaOH. The % strength of both NaOH and the necessary additives

碱液

. 碱液和所需的添加剂的浓度

4. Scrubbing action. The physical action of the various internal and external bottle sprays

擦洗动作

. 瓶内和瓶外的各种喷洗的物理动作

3

12

1

11

2

10

4

9

3

8

5

7

6

1. Bottle Pre-rinse tank
瓶预浸槽
2. # 1 NaOH soak tank
1 号碱液浸泡槽
3. # 2 NaOH soak tank
2 号碱液浸泡槽
4. # 3 NaOH soak tank
3 号碱液浸泡槽

5. Label removal sprays
除标喷淋
6. Label extractor
商标提取器
7. Internal NaOH sprays
碱液内喷淋
8. Heat exchangers
热交换器

9. Internal hot water sprays
热水内喷淋
10. Internal warm water sprays
温水内喷淋
11. External cold water sprays
清水外喷淋
12. Internal city water sprays
清水内喷淋

4

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题：

1. Temperature . Heat, together with the time and NaOH, is necessary to achieve the germicidal cleaning of the bottle

温度

.

热量、时间与碱液是产生无菌净瓶的基本因素

•

•

•

Temperatures must be controlled ring heating and cooling of the bottles. Thermal shock will damage the bottles
必须控制温度上升与下降时所产生的热击现象
否则会损坏玻璃瓶

Temperatures > 82 0 C will bake on any mould that is present in the bottle
温度在 >82 0 C 时 ,高温会加热玻璃瓶内的霉斑
使霉斑滞留在瓶壁内

Temperatures < 76 0 C together with NaOH < 1% will not clean dirty bottles

温度在

<760 C 及碱液浓度

< 1% 时 ,会洗不净玻璃瓶

•

Discharged bottles are cool to touch
洗瓶机排出口处的玻璃瓶手感应该是凉的

5

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题：

2. Time.
时间

The time required for the bottles to be exposed to temperature, NaOH and pressure sprays
. 与瓶体接触所需的温度、碱液和压力喷淋的时间

• The bottles require time to heat up to the specified temperatures and cool down ready for filling with beer
玻璃瓶需要时间来加热及降温到特定的温度
以满足到装酒机处的灌装要求

• Time for the NaOH to penetrate and remove the label and glue from the bottle
碱液需要时间来浸透标纸和溶解标浆

• Time for the sprays inside the bottle to remove the dirt and mould
喷淋水需要时间来去除玻璃瓶内的脏物和霉斑

• Time for the bottles and bottle carriers to drain off the NaOH solution before the next treatment section
and time to fully drain the final rinse water before discharging from the washer

在进入到下一个浸泡区
以及玻璃瓶排出洗瓶机前
玻璃瓶排出后清水喷淋水所需的总的排水时间

,玻璃瓶和载瓶架所需的排碱液时间

6

3. NaOH.

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题：

Together with temperature and time NaOH is required to sterilise the bottles

碱液

. 包括温度和时间

,玻璃瓶需要碱液对玻璃瓶进行无菌处理

• Benefits of NaOH. 碱液的益处

- NaOH is an aggressive alkali that reacts with soils to form soluble salts
碱液是一种能与脏物发生反应的侵蚀性碱
从而分解出溶解盐

• Ddisadvantages of NaOH

碱液的缺陷

- NaOH has no soil suspending power. The insoluble compounds will redeposit on the bottle and in the washer

碱液对脏物无悬浮力
洗瓶机内

.溶解成分将会重新沉淀在玻璃瓶内及

- NaOH is difficult to rinse from the bottle without additives
未添加添加剂的碱液不容易从玻璃瓶内清洗掉

- NaOH does not prevent the formation of scale
碱液不会预防垢的生成

7

3.

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题

NaOH plus additives 往碱液内添加添加剂

Benefits of additives: - Controls the foam in the NaOH tanks

添加剂的益处

: 控制碱槽的起沫现象

- Ccontrols the scale formation on the bottle carriers and warm water sections
控制载瓶架和温水区的结垢现象

- Suspends solids in the solution
溶液内的悬浮脏物

- Reces the time required to clean the bottle
降低所需的清洁玻璃瓶的时间

- Improves the final rinsing of the bottle
改善后清水喷淋处玻璃瓶的清洁度

- Prevents the scale formed by label paper containing aluminum
预防由于含有铝的标纸而形成的结垢现象

8

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题：

4. Scrubbing action. The jetting inside and outside the bottle giving the rubbing action to remove soil

擦洗动作

. 玻璃瓶内、外的喷淋水的喷淋会产生擦洗
动作 ,从而去除脏物

• Alignment of the sprays with the mouth of the bottle is essential to effectively remove
dirt and mould from the inside the bottle

非常有必要校正喷嘴的位置
从而有效地去除玻璃瓶内的脏物和霉斑

,使其对准玻璃瓶瓶口

• The sprays entering the inside the bottle gives an equal heating and cooling to the bottle
and will rece the thermal shock to the bottles
进入到玻璃瓶内的喷淋水会给予瓶体同样能量来加热

和降温瓶体

,从而降低热击现象发生的频次

9

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题：

4. Scrubbing action.

擦洗动作

.

•

•

It is essential to ensure that the pump filter screens are always clean
非常有必要将泵过滤网始终保持清洁状态

Spray nozzles must be checked on a regular frequency to ensure that they are not blocked or missing
必须以一定的频次检查喷嘴状态以确保喷嘴
未被堵塞或者丢失

10

12

1

11

2

10

4

9

3

8

5

7

6

1. Bottle Pre-rinse tank
瓶预浸槽
2. # 1 NaOH soak tank
1 号碱液浸泡槽
3. # 2 NaOH soak tank
2 号碱液浸泡槽
4. # 3 NaOH soak tank
3 号碱液浸泡槽

5. Label removal sprays
除标喷淋
6. Label extractor
商标提取器
7. Internal NaOH sprays
碱液内喷淋
8. Heat exchangers
热交换器

9. Internal hot water sprays
热水内喷淋
10. Internal warm water sprays
温水内喷淋
11. External cold water sprays
外清水喷淋
12. Internal city water sprays
内清水喷淋

11

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (1) 洗瓶机

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶机有效进行洗瓶的头号敌人

- 泡沫

•

The pumps pump air with the NaOH solution and the bottles will not be internally cleaned.
Fluctuating pressure gauges indicate air is present.
如果泵出的碱液内混有空气 ,将使瓶子内部得不到彻底的清洗
压力表压力指针的波动表明出现了这种情况

• Excessive foam from the label extractors will carry out NaOH with the foam
contributing to high NaOH usage and pollution

商标提取器排出的泡沫越多
这会导致碱液消耗量的增加和污染的环境

,带出碱液也就越多

• Foam will increase the liquid carry over on the bottles and carriers into the next compartments and
contaminate the final rinse sections with NaOH .

泡沫会增加瓶体上所携带的液体量
最终造成后清洗喷淋水被碱液污染现象的发生

,并随瓶子进入下一个槽区

12

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (2) 洗瓶机

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶机有效进行洗瓶的头号敌人

- 泡沫

• Foaming will contribute to the break up of label paper because of the delay in removing the labels from the washer.
The pulped labels will block the filter screens and spray nozzles in the washer
商标滞留在洗瓶机内部的时间过长时

泡沫会使标纸破碎

,标浆会堵塞洗瓶机的滤网和喷嘴

• The labels will settle on top of the foam in the compartments and not sink to allow the label extractors
to remove the labels from the washer.
商标会滞留在各槽区泡沫层上部
而不是沉在底部被洗瓶机的商标提取器除掉

13

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (3) 洗瓶机

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶机有效进行洗瓶的头号敌人

Possible causes of foam formation:
产生泡沫的可能性原因

• Blocked pump filters and/ or blocked spray nozzles (high pump pressure) will make foam.
泵过滤器滤网堵塞和 / 或喷嘴堵塞（泵压力过高）将产生泡沫

• Leaking heat exchangers or steam condensate piped into the main soak compartment.
热交换器渗漏或蒸汽冷凝水进入到主槽区

• When the NaOH solution is < 50 0 C, ring the warm up period, foaming will occur.
当碱液温度低于 50度时
在加热过程中会产生出泡沫

- 泡沫

• The addition of good quality NaOH additives is essential for consistently clean bright bottles,
the rection of foam and scale inside the bottle washer.
对总是能够洗出的明亮玻璃瓶和减少洗瓶机内存在的泡沫和

垢来说

,添加质量优良的碱液添加剂是非常有必要的

14

BOTTLE WASHING - SCALE

The problems with scale formation:
结垢的问题：

洗瓶机

- 结垢

• Scale increases NaOH usage e to NaOH solution sticking to the bottle carriers and pockets and
carrying over to the next tank.

由于碱液会滞留在载瓶斗与载瓶架上
到下一个槽区 ,这样载瓶斗与载瓶架上结垢现象会增加
碱的耗用量

,而其会循环进入

• Scale promotes bacteria growth in the warm water sections with the possibility of contributing
to the sour taste in the bottled beer.
结垢现象会促进细菌在温水区滋生现象的发生
且有可能造成品酒的酸味

• Scale blocks pumps and spray nozzles
结垢现象会将泵和喷嘴堵塞

• De-scaling of the warm water sections and pumps is expensive, time consuming, a safety hazard
and damages the equipment.

对温水区和泵进行除垢的费用高昂
安全和容易对设备造成损害等隐患

,且存在耗时、

15

BOTTLE WASHER - CAUSTIC USAGE

(1)

洗瓶机

- 碱消耗量

•

Most single end bottle washers are able to wash 140 000 bottles for every M
in the soak tanks before the NaOH solution has to be disposed of.
在排放掉碱液之前，大多数单端出口洗瓶机浸泡槽
内的每立方米碱液能够清洗 140 000个瓶子
Excessive NaOH usage is caused by:
碱液消耗量过高是由下列原因引起的：

Disposing of the NaOH solution before it is necessary wastes water and NaOH.
在有必要排放废水与废碱之前 ,提前排放碱液

3 of NaOH solution

• Running the machine above design speed.
洗瓶机的运行速度高于设计速度

• Foaming within the washer.
洗瓶机内有泡沫

16

BOTTLE WASHER - CAUSTIC USAGE

Excessive NaOH usage is caused by:
碱液消耗量过高是由下列原因引起的

(2)

洗瓶机

- 碱消耗量

• Running the NaOH concentration greater than specification
洗瓶机内碱液浓度大于标准要求的碱液浓度

• Scaled bottle carriers and pockets.
载瓶架、载瓶斗结垢

• Labels containing aluminium. Aluminium will neutralise NaOH

标纸中含有铝

,铝会中和碱液

17

BOTTLE WASHER - WATER USAGE

洗瓶机

- 耗水量

To rinse with each bottle 0.35 to 0. 65 liters of city water is required.
For a washer running at 22 000 BPH this is 8 to 14 tons of water / hour

清洗每一个玻璃瓶的耗水量为
22 000瓶 / 每小时包装线的耗水量为

Excessive water usage is caused by:
耗水量过高是由下列原因引起的：

• Leaking water valves that fill the various tanks.
各槽区供水阀门泄漏

0.35－ 0.65升
8－ 14吨

• Final internal spray nozzles larger than manufacturers specification. (2 mm).
后清水喷淋喷嘴内径比厂家标准大 (2毫米

• Final rinse water pressure recing valve set too high ( 0.08 - 0.12 Mpa)

)

后清水喷淋压力调节阀设置过高

• When the machine stops, the final rinse sprays must also stop
洗瓶机停机时 ,后清水喷淋也必须停止喷淋动作

(0.08 - 0.12 Mpa)

18

Hand Valve
手动阀

Fresh Water
净水

Pump filter screen inserted here
泵的滤板在此插入

25 mm pipe with water spray holes drilled in to flush off the dirty
filter screen.
直径为 25mm 的喷水管
喷水孔朝向滤板
冲洗上面的脏物

Hand Rails
走台护栏

Stainless Steel box bigger than the filter screens to
be cleaned
不锈钢冲洗箱，
宽度大于滤板宽度

Dirt and water
out
排污口

Bottle washer pump filter screen cleaning box
洗瓶机泵滤板清洗箱

19

ISSUES EFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF BOTTLE WASHING MACHINES
影响洗瓶机性能的泡沫问题

Issues effecting performance
影响性能的问题
Contributing causes:
由下列因素造成：
1.1 Poorly formulated NaOH
and
additives.

Reasons and comments
原因及意见
The pumps pump air with the NaOH solution and the
bottles will not be internally cleaned. Fluctuating pressure
gauges indicate air is present.
泵打出的带有碱液的空气及瓶内得不到清洗，不稳定的压
力表表明有空气存在。

剂。

配比不合格的

NaOH 及添加

The labels will settle on top of the foam in the
compartments and not sink to allow the label extractors to

1.2 Leaking pump glands.
泵密封处渗漏。
1.3 Leaking heat exchangers.
热交换器渗漏。
1.4 Temperatures <500 C.
温度小于 50 ℃

remove them from the machine.
商标会停留在泡沫上而不是沉在底部被除掉。
Foaming will contribute to the break up of label paper
because of the delay in removing them from the machine.
由于除商标耽阁，泡沫会使标纸破碎。
During the warm up period and the NaOH solution is
<500C foaming will occur.
在加热过程中， NaOH 溶液小于 50 度，会形成泡沫。
Presence of foam increases the carbonate level much faster
by absorbing CO2.
泡沫使钙含量增加，比吸收的 CO2 使钙含量增加快得多。

20

ISSUES EFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF BOTTLE WASHING MACHINES
影响洗瓶机性能的泡沫问题

Issues effecting performance
影响性能的问题
1.5 Steam condensate piped
into the main soak

Reasons and comments
原因及意见
Excessive foam from the label extractors will carry out
NaOH with it contributing to waste and pollution

compartment.

来自除标系统的过量泡沫带出

NaOH ，因而导致浪费和污染

蒸汽冷凝水回到主碱槽内。
1.6 High pump pressures.
泵压力过高。
1.7 Blocked pump filters and
spray
nozzles.
泵过滤器及喷嘴阻塞。

Foam will increase the liquid carry over on the bottles and
carriers into the next compartments and so contaminate the
final rinse sections with NaOH.
泡沫会使液体残留在瓶上，随载瓶架进入下一个槽内，进而
NaOH 污染清水喷淋。
Condensate discharged into the solution will flash into steam
and aerate the solution. Better to send the condensate to
waste or better still to return to the boiler house if it is not
contaminated with NaOH.
排入碱液中的冷凝水会形成蒸汽而使溶液中形成泡沫。如果
冷凝水没被 NaOH 污染的话，最好回收到锅炉房。
The label extractors are not as effective when foam is
present.
有泡沫时，除标系统不能有效地工作。

21

我有原始的PDF文件，你要的话我可以发与你

『叁』 啤酒洗瓶机的开机流程是

我有洗瓶机图纸。

目标如下

:

洗瓶机

增加洗瓶机的生产产量及整条包
装线的生产效率

控制并降低在生产中水和碱液的
消耗量

控制并降低洗瓶机洗出的脏瓶量

1

洗瓶机

洗瓶机的用途是从玻璃瓶中去处：
1 、 所有的脏物及啤酒残留液

2.
3.

细菌、霉斑及酵母
标纸及标浆

最终在洗瓶机出口处排出的玻璃瓶
应该是凉的、
无菌的及明亮的玻璃瓶
装酒机灌装

, 且可适用于

2

BOTTLE WASHING

洗瓶机

To effectively wash bottles four main issues must be satisfied and controlled:
为有效地进行洗瓶，满足并控制下列四点问题：

1. Temperature. The temperature control of the NaOH solutions and warm water tanks

温度

2. Time.
时间

. 碱液和温水槽的温度控制

The speed of the washer and therefore the time the bottles are exposed to the cleaning process
. 洗瓶机的运转速度和玻璃瓶和各清洗工艺的接触时间

3. NaOH. The % strength of both NaOH and the necessary additives

碱液

. 碱液和所需的添加剂的浓度

4. Scrubbing action. The physical action of the various internal and external bottle sprays

擦洗动作

. 瓶内和瓶外的各种喷洗的物理动作

3

12

1

11

2

10

4

9

3

8

5

7

6

1. Bottle Pre-rinse tank
瓶预浸槽
2. # 1 NaOH soak tank
1 号碱液浸泡槽
3. # 2 NaOH soak tank
2 号碱液浸泡槽
4. # 3 NaOH soak tank
3 号碱液浸泡槽

5. Label removal sprays
除标喷淋
6. Label extractor
商标提取器
7. Internal NaOH sprays
碱液内喷淋
8. Heat exchangers
热交换器

9. Internal hot water sprays
热水内喷淋
10. Internal warm water sprays
温水内喷淋
11. External cold water sprays
清水外喷淋
12. Internal city water sprays
清水内喷淋

4

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题：

1. Temperature . Heat, together with the time and NaOH, is necessary to achieve the germicidal cleaning of the bottle

温度

.

热量、时间与碱液是产生无菌净瓶的基本因素

•

•

•

Temperatures must be controlled ring heating and cooling of the bottles. Thermal shock will damage the bottles
必须控制温度上升与下降时所产生的热击现象
否则会损坏玻璃瓶

Temperatures > 82 0 C will bake on any mould that is present in the bottle
温度在 >82 0 C 时 ,高温会加热玻璃瓶内的霉斑
使霉斑滞留在瓶壁内

Temperatures < 76 0 C together with NaOH < 1% will not clean dirty bottles

温度在

<760 C 及碱液浓度

< 1% 时 ,会洗不净玻璃瓶

•

Discharged bottles are cool to touch
洗瓶机排出口处的玻璃瓶手感应该是凉的

5

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题：

2. Time.
时间

The time required for the bottles to be exposed to temperature, NaOH and pressure sprays
. 与瓶体接触所需的温度、碱液和压力喷淋的时间

• The bottles require time to heat up to the specified temperatures and cool down ready for filling with beer
玻璃瓶需要时间来加热及降温到特定的温度
以满足到装酒机处的灌装要求

• Time for the NaOH to penetrate and remove the label and glue from the bottle
碱液需要时间来浸透标纸和溶解标浆

• Time for the sprays inside the bottle to remove the dirt and mould
喷淋水需要时间来去除玻璃瓶内的脏物和霉斑

• Time for the bottles and bottle carriers to drain off the NaOH solution before the next treatment section
and time to fully drain the final rinse water before discharging from the washer

在进入到下一个浸泡区
以及玻璃瓶排出洗瓶机前
玻璃瓶排出后清水喷淋水所需的总的排水时间

,玻璃瓶和载瓶架所需的排碱液时间

6

3. NaOH.

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题：

Together with temperature and time NaOH is required to sterilise the bottles

碱液

. 包括温度和时间

,玻璃瓶需要碱液对玻璃瓶进行无菌处理

• Benefits of NaOH. 碱液的益处

- NaOH is an aggressive alkali that reacts with soils to form soluble salts
碱液是一种能与脏物发生反应的侵蚀性碱
从而分解出溶解盐

• Ddisadvantages of NaOH

碱液的缺陷

- NaOH has no soil suspending power. The insoluble compounds will redeposit on the bottle and in the washer

碱液对脏物无悬浮力
洗瓶机内

.溶解成分将会重新沉淀在玻璃瓶内及

- NaOH is difficult to rinse from the bottle without additives
未添加添加剂的碱液不容易从玻璃瓶内清洗掉

- NaOH does not prevent the formation of scale
碱液不会预防垢的生成

7

3.

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题

NaOH plus additives 往碱液内添加添加剂

Benefits of additives: - Controls the foam in the NaOH tanks

添加剂的益处

: 控制碱槽的起沫现象

- Ccontrols the scale formation on the bottle carriers and warm water sections
控制载瓶架和温水区的结垢现象

- Suspends solids in the solution
溶液内的悬浮脏物

- Reces the time required to clean the bottle
降低所需的清洁玻璃瓶的时间

- Improves the final rinsing of the bottle
改善后清水喷淋处玻璃瓶的清洁度

- Prevents the scale formed by label paper containing aluminum
预防由于含有铝的标纸而形成的结垢现象

8

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题：

4. Scrubbing action. The jetting inside and outside the bottle giving the rubbing action to remove soil

擦洗动作

. 玻璃瓶内、外的喷淋水的喷淋会产生擦洗
动作 ,从而去除脏物

• Alignment of the sprays with the mouth of the bottle is essential to effectively remove
dirt and mould from the inside the bottle

非常有必要校正喷嘴的位置
从而有效地去除玻璃瓶内的脏物和霉斑

,使其对准玻璃瓶瓶口

• The sprays entering the inside the bottle gives an equal heating and cooling to the bottle
and will rece the thermal shock to the bottles
进入到玻璃瓶内的喷淋水会给予瓶体同样能量来加热

和降温瓶体

,从而降低热击现象发生的频次

9

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
为有效地进行洗瓶，必须满足下列四点问题：

4. Scrubbing action.

擦洗动作

.

•

•

It is essential to ensure that the pump filter screens are always clean
非常有必要将泵过滤网始终保持清洁状态

Spray nozzles must be checked on a regular frequency to ensure that they are not blocked or missing
必须以一定的频次检查喷嘴状态以确保喷嘴
未被堵塞或者丢失

10

12

1

11

2

10

4

9

3

8

5

7

6

1. Bottle Pre-rinse tank
瓶预浸槽
2. # 1 NaOH soak tank
1 号碱液浸泡槽
3. # 2 NaOH soak tank
2 号碱液浸泡槽
4. # 3 NaOH soak tank
3 号碱液浸泡槽

5. Label removal sprays
除标喷淋
6. Label extractor
商标提取器
7. Internal NaOH sprays
碱液内喷淋
8. Heat exchangers
热交换器

9. Internal hot water sprays
热水内喷淋
10. Internal warm water sprays
温水内喷淋
11. External cold water sprays
外清水喷淋
12. Internal city water sprays
内清水喷淋

11

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (1) 洗瓶机

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶机有效进行洗瓶的头号敌人

- 泡沫

•

The pumps pump air with the NaOH solution and the bottles will not be internally cleaned.
Fluctuating pressure gauges indicate air is present.
如果泵出的碱液内混有空气 ,将使瓶子内部得不到彻底的清洗
压力表压力指针的波动表明出现了这种情况

• Excessive foam from the label extractors will carry out NaOH with the foam
contributing to high NaOH usage and pollution

商标提取器排出的泡沫越多
这会导致碱液消耗量的增加和污染的环境

,带出碱液也就越多

• Foam will increase the liquid carry over on the bottles and carriers into the next compartments and
contaminate the final rinse sections with NaOH .

泡沫会增加瓶体上所携带的液体量
最终造成后清洗喷淋水被碱液污染现象的发生

,并随瓶子进入下一个槽区

12

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (2) 洗瓶机

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶机有效进行洗瓶的头号敌人

- 泡沫

• Foaming will contribute to the break up of label paper because of the delay in removing the labels from the washer.
The pulped labels will block the filter screens and spray nozzles in the washer
商标滞留在洗瓶机内部的时间过长时

泡沫会使标纸破碎

,标浆会堵塞洗瓶机的滤网和喷嘴

• The labels will settle on top of the foam in the compartments and not sink to allow the label extractors
to remove the labels from the washer.
商标会滞留在各槽区泡沫层上部
而不是沉在底部被洗瓶机的商标提取器除掉

13

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (3) 洗瓶机

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶机有效进行洗瓶的头号敌人

Possible causes of foam formation:
产生泡沫的可能性原因

• Blocked pump filters and/ or blocked spray nozzles (high pump pressure) will make foam.
泵过滤器滤网堵塞和 / 或喷嘴堵塞（泵压力过高）将产生泡沫

• Leaking heat exchangers or steam condensate piped into the main soak compartment.
热交换器渗漏或蒸汽冷凝水进入到主槽区

• When the NaOH solution is < 50 0 C, ring the warm up period, foaming will occur.
当碱液温度低于 50度时
在加热过程中会产生出泡沫

- 泡沫

• The addition of good quality NaOH additives is essential for consistently clean bright bottles,
the rection of foam and scale inside the bottle washer.
对总是能够洗出的明亮玻璃瓶和减少洗瓶机内存在的泡沫和

垢来说

,添加质量优良的碱液添加剂是非常有必要的

14

BOTTLE WASHING - SCALE

The problems with scale formation:
结垢的问题：

洗瓶机

- 结垢

• Scale increases NaOH usage e to NaOH solution sticking to the bottle carriers and pockets and
carrying over to the next tank.

由于碱液会滞留在载瓶斗与载瓶架上
到下一个槽区 ,这样载瓶斗与载瓶架上结垢现象会增加
碱的耗用量

,而其会循环进入

• Scale promotes bacteria growth in the warm water sections with the possibility of contributing
to the sour taste in the bottled beer.
结垢现象会促进细菌在温水区滋生现象的发生
且有可能造成品酒的酸味

• Scale blocks pumps and spray nozzles
结垢现象会将泵和喷嘴堵塞

• De-scaling of the warm water sections and pumps is expensive, time consuming, a safety hazard
and damages the equipment.

对温水区和泵进行除垢的费用高昂
安全和容易对设备造成损害等隐患

,且存在耗时、

15

BOTTLE WASHER - CAUSTIC USAGE

(1)

洗瓶机

- 碱消耗量

•

Most single end bottle washers are able to wash 140 000 bottles for every M
in the soak tanks before the NaOH solution has to be disposed of.
在排放掉碱液之前，大多数单端出口洗瓶机浸泡槽
内的每立方米碱液能够清洗 140 000个瓶子
Excessive NaOH usage is caused by:
碱液消耗量过高是由下列原因引起的：

Disposing of the NaOH solution before it is necessary wastes water and NaOH.
在有必要排放废水与废碱之前 ,提前排放碱液

3 of NaOH solution

• Running the machine above design speed.
洗瓶机的运行速度高于设计速度

• Foaming within the washer.
洗瓶机内有泡沫

16

BOTTLE WASHER - CAUSTIC USAGE

Excessive NaOH usage is caused by:
碱液消耗量过高是由下列原因引起的

(2)

洗瓶机

- 碱消耗量

• Running the NaOH concentration greater than specification
洗瓶机内碱液浓度大于标准要求的碱液浓度

• Scaled bottle carriers and pockets.
载瓶架、载瓶斗结垢

• Labels containing aluminium. Aluminium will neutralise NaOH

标纸中含有铝

,铝会中和碱液

17

BOTTLE WASHER - WATER USAGE

洗瓶机

- 耗水量

To rinse with each bottle 0.35 to 0. 65 liters of city water is required.
For a washer running at 22 000 BPH this is 8 to 14 tons of water / hour

清洗每一个玻璃瓶的耗水量为
22 000瓶 / 每小时包装线的耗水量为

Excessive water usage is caused by:
耗水量过高是由下列原因引起的：

• Leaking water valves that fill the various tanks.
各槽区供水阀门泄漏

0.35－ 0.65升
8－ 14吨

• Final internal spray nozzles larger than manufacturers specification. (2 mm).
后清水喷淋喷嘴内径比厂家标准大 (2毫米

• Final rinse water pressure recing valve set too high ( 0.08 - 0.12 Mpa)

)

后清水喷淋压力调节阀设置过高

• When the machine stops, the final rinse sprays must also stop
洗瓶机停机时 ,后清水喷淋也必须停止喷淋动作

(0.08 - 0.12 Mpa)

18

Hand Valve
手动阀

Fresh Water
净水

Pump filter screen inserted here
泵的滤板在此插入

25 mm pipe with water spray holes drilled in to flush off the dirty
filter screen.
直径为 25mm 的喷水管
喷水孔朝向滤板
冲洗上面的脏物

Hand Rails
走台护栏

Stainless Steel box bigger than the filter screens to
be cleaned
不锈钢冲洗箱，
宽度大于滤板宽度

Dirt and water
out
排污口

Bottle washer pump filter screen cleaning box
洗瓶机泵滤板清洗箱

19

ISSUES EFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF BOTTLE WASHING MACHINES
影响洗瓶机性能的泡沫问题

Issues effecting performance
影响性能的问题
Contributing causes:
由下列因素造成：
1.1 Poorly formulated NaOH
and
additives.

Reasons and comments
原因及意见
The pumps pump air with the NaOH solution and the
bottles will not be internally cleaned. Fluctuating pressure
gauges indicate air is present.
泵打出的带有碱液的空气及瓶内得不到清洗，不稳定的压
力表表明有空气存在。

剂。

配比不合格的

NaOH 及添加

The labels will settle on top of the foam in the
compartments and not sink to allow the label extractors to

1.2 Leaking pump glands.
泵密封处渗漏。
1.3 Leaking heat exchangers.
热交换器渗漏。
1.4 Temperatures <500 C.
温度小于 50 ℃

remove them from the machine.
商标会停留在泡沫上而不是沉在底部被除掉。
Foaming will contribute to the break up of label paper
because of the delay in removing them from the machine.
由于除商标耽阁，泡沫会使标纸破碎。
During the warm up period and the NaOH solution is
<500C foaming will occur.
在加热过程中， NaOH 溶液小于 50 度，会形成泡沫。
Presence of foam increases the carbonate level much faster
by absorbing CO2.
泡沫使钙含量增加，比吸收的 CO2 使钙含量增加快得多。

20

ISSUES EFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF BOTTLE WASHING MACHINES
影响洗瓶机性能的泡沫问题

Issues effecting performance
影响性能的问题
1.5 Steam condensate piped
into the main soak

Reasons and comments
原因及意见
Excessive foam from the label extractors will carry out
NaOH with it contributing to waste and pollution

compartment.

来自除标系统的过量泡沫带出

NaOH ，因而导致浪费和污染

蒸汽冷凝水回到主碱槽内。
1.6 High pump pressures.
泵压力过高。
1.7 Blocked pump filters and
spray
nozzles.
泵过滤器及喷嘴阻塞。

Foam will increase the liquid carry over on the bottles and
carriers into the next compartments and so contaminate the
final rinse sections with NaOH.
泡沫会使液体残留在瓶上，随载瓶架进入下一个槽内，进而
NaOH 污染清水喷淋。
Condensate discharged into the solution will flash into steam
and aerate the solution. Better to send the condensate to
waste or better still to return to the boiler house if it is not
contaminated with NaOH.
排入碱液中的冷凝水会形成蒸汽而使溶液中形成泡沫。如果
冷凝水没被 NaOH 污染的话，最好回收到锅炉房。
The label extractors are not as effective when foam is
present.
有泡沫时，除标系统不能有效地工作。

『肆』 锅炉工主要做什么

1、保证锅炉正常运行：严格遵守各项操作规程和各项规章制度，搞好锅炉运行，为生产车间提供服务 严格控制工艺指标，确保供气压力稳定。 锅炉运行时要对汽压、液压、鼓风、引凤、及时调整与控制，确保锅炉安全运行 。

2、炉内添加合格炉水，按规定时间，频次排污，延长锅炉使用寿命 ，负责对运行设备定时巡检、润滑。 发现问题及时汇报，及时抢修， 保护好炉膛、耐火砖墙。 充分发挥省煤器作用， 对锅炉离子水的质量负责。

3、做好相关记录。认真填写锅炉运行记录 认真填写交接班记录 。完成生产部经理交办的其他任务。 有权对锅炉运行中遇到的问题，提出相关措施有权对本职工作范围内提出相关建议和措施。

(4)蒸汽锅炉除垢频次扩展阅读

要成为一名司炉工应具备以下基本素质与技能。

凡年满18周岁，身体健康，没有妨碍司炉作业的疾病和生理缺陷的人员，须经过3个月的司炉实习操作，然后再参加具有资质的“司炉工培训考核站”的理论培训，经实践与理论考核合格，并取得司炉工的上岗操作证，这是首要条件。

还应该熟悉所操作锅炉的结构以及各种辅机和安全附件的操作方法，并能对锅炉及辅机进行日常的调整和保养。当然，有较强的工作责任心，防止事故发生，这点对一名司炉工是非常重要的。

『伍』 蒸汽洗车的利与弊

蒸汽洗车的利：

1、能适应节能环保的大市场趋势 

2、能适应各种场所的洗车服务 

3、能进行全方位洗车 

4、能将清洗提高为精洗 

蒸汽洗车的弊：

1、蒸汽洗车需要小型的高压容器(锅炉)产汽其内置，电热管接触水，易损坏，水带电，存在爆炸的安全隐患。 

2、蒸汽洗车锅炉容易结垢，清理麻烦，造成热效率不高，每个月要除垢一次，药水成本要近百元。 

3、蒸汽洗车烧水产汽需要较长时间预热，冷机预热要十几分钟浪费能源，而且车主长时间等待造成满意度下降。 

4、持续放汽下，随着蒸汽的流出，加热产的蒸汽跟不上供应，喷出的蒸汽压力会衰减，洗车效率和效果差。 

5、由于蒸汽压力小和产气量的不足造成洗辆车耗时耗工多，加大工人工作强度。

(5)蒸汽锅炉除垢频次扩展阅读：

蒸汽洗车主要是蒸汽可全面清洗汽车的各个部位；而最重要的是蒸汽洗车不是单纯的高压加冷水的冲洗过程，而是通过蒸汽干燥的特性，以适当的压力和温度全面地对汽车每个细微部位进行清洁、杀菌、消毒、除味，达到更的洗车清洁度，将简单的清洗提高为精洗，更密切关系到车主的健康问题。

蒸汽洗车-网络

『陆』 请问蒸汽锅炉水质化验是几小时做一次规定此标准的国家特种设备安全技术规范的文号是多少谢谢！急~~~~~

GB/T 16811-2018里对每个指标都作出了化验周期规定。可以参考。
TSG G5002-2010中也有相关规定但是不太详细